Basically, there are two types of web hosting, Windows Hosting and Linux hosting.
Windows Hosting
The server runs on windows OS is called windows hosting. The programing language Asp .net and MsSql database is key feature of windows hosting. Windows hosting is a fewer’s choice because of its costly paid license of Microsoft products and complex to manage. It is preferred by websites like banking and other high-level of financial transactions are done because of its secured environment.
Plesk and Websitepanel are popular control panel used in Windows Hosting.
Linux Hosting
The server runs on Linux OS like CentOS, Ubuntu etc is called Linux Hosting. The programming language php and database like MySql and MariaDB are key features of Linux Hosting.
Linux Hosting is most popular and widely used web hosting servers because of its open source environment. 95% on internet are on Linux platform because of popular web applications like WordPress, Joomla, Megento, Drupal, etc.