this is often done with both images and CSS, for a drop shadow effect as in often the shadow used arround an object often making them apear 3D (ish) its done by CSS.
however say for example a graidient or a wave (light dark /light dark) type situation it is both CSS and an image where by you create the image and use css to position and repeat it across the page. (to avoid incompatability and reduce load times)
I have tried numerous times to accomplish that look however I fumble the coding somewhere along the way. I would love to know the CSS method so that I could practice or play with this some. No matter what I try I cannot accomplish that look.
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Unfortunately that method only works with Firefox and isn't valid CSS. While most people can get away with validation errors, it's crucial that things look the same in all major browsers. This is how I do it:
Use Photoshop or Illustrator to create the box w/shadow. Slice it up: top and bottom, and a 1px high image that repeats the middle vertically. Then using CSS you use the 1px high image for the div's background, and place the div's top & bottom backgrounds using either the divs above and below them or style an element like an <hr />
That's just how I have done it in the past. There's actually many articles and various methods online if you use your best friend; Google
Siforek, I actually found a solution using css faux columns. I created an image in GIMP, created two faux columns and set them as the background using CSS.